No one can really say for sure but finding the ship has added an immense amount of knowledge to scholars and tells us more about shipbuilding from this ancient era. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Once the ship had been completely cleared of its contents, it was seen to be remarkably intact. 163173. 18 Jan 2023 , 3260 South Street
Oxford University Press, 2007. The Kyrenia shipwreck (Kbrs gemisi) museum is located inside Kyrenia Castle. An unexpected refinement aboard the Kyrenia merchantman is an inkwell found adhering to the concretion of iron in the stern. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. This manual technique was capable of both planar and depth measurements and yielded an accuracy comparable to the stereo method. Next the mast step complex and keel were lifted, and finally the outer planks were cut into manageable lengths and raised. H. Tzalas, 245256. Approximately one-third aft the bow, the intricately carved mast step was located. Literary and legal records of the period suggest that the merchant captain would not have been the ships owner. number of querns were found possibly being carried as ballast as well as bronze The wreck of the late fourth-century BC ship off the coast of Kyrenia, Cyprus, was found by Andreas Cariolou in 1965. The Kyrenia shipwreck was first discovered in 1965 by town councilman Andreas Cariolou. before continuing eastwards to her destruction in Cyprus. 1973. Adding weight to this supposition are three new oil jugs (gutti), combining with the single example from 1968 to total four, and four small echinus bowls or salt dishes. Copyright 2023 - Kyrenia / Designed & Developed by NETinfo Plc No images, text or other material whatsoever from this website may be copied, published, re-produced or otherwise used without the written permission of yrenia unicipality. REF4249, Steffy recording a timber (Photo: Susan Katzev). Scattered throughout the stern area were over 100 flat lead rings which probably served in guiding the brail lines used to reef the ships sail. Athens: Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition. Fax: 22818228 Katzev, M. 1990. Due to the The wreck was very well preserved with approximately 75% of the ship still in good condition. The first phase of our 1969 diving season was excavation of the entire circumference of the wreck site. No matter how hard the Turkish invaders try to alter the historic truth regarding the origin of the wreck during the tours they organize, our captive ship will continue to constitute an undisputable testimony proving the timeless bonds between Kyrenia and Greece, as well as a symbol signifying the return of the Kyrenians to their beloved city and district. To the projects additional sponsors: the Cook Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Ford Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, Cyprus Mines Corporation, Oberlin College, and the Houghton-Carpenter Foundation, we wish to extend our thanks. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. A large portion of the hull was preserved. Since the finds point to an interesting and rarely-illustrated aspect of Mediterranean history, it was felt that the public should not be denied some view of the material. Google Scholar. A possible source for the volcanic grain mill blocks is the island of Kos. This was achieved at the Manolis Psaros boatyard in Piraeus Greece . Kyrenia II is often used as a floating ambassador of Cypriot culture, and has visited many parts of the world. In 1986, it visited New York City; in 1988, Japan; and in 1989, West Germany . The latest theory as to why the ship sunk is that it may have been attacked by pirates. Protecting maritime heritage in disputed territory: The Kyrenia Shipwreck Collection Restoration Program. Sailing with him were at least three other crew members, perhaps some of them with vested interests in the cargo. used to visit the port of Kyrenia regularly coming from the Aegean islands and even reaching the coasts of Syria and Palestine. Report of preliminary underwater investigations at Salamis, Cyprus. During the previous summer we had cleared more than 300 amphoras from the upper levels, had come upon a cargo of stone grain mills beneath them, and excavateda small trench to expose a tantalizing look at the ships hull. Twelve of the diving crew volunteered to stay on if we should decide on this latter course. Over the next 17 years from 1987 the ship was transported on the decks of large merchant vessels across oceans and seas. The tracing of her voyage is yet unfinished; her home port remains unnamed. The Kyrenia ship was built in the early 4 th century B.C. In H. Tzalas, ed. Ten distinct amphora shapes on board suggest other ports of call, such as Samos in the north. Period. The outer planks, for example, were even now so riddled by ancient teredo worms that a freshassault would almost certainly weaken them to the point of disintegration. The hull was built in the "shell first" manner, quite the opposite of today's method. 315328. The radio carbon date on the Katzev, M. 1981. Fifty-four archaeologists, divers and other scientists worked for three years in order to raise, reassemble and finally display the ship at the Castle of Kyrenia, thus reviving its history and linking the era of Alexander the Great and ancient Cyprus with the present. Its star attraction, the Kyrenia shipwreck, is a 4th century B.C Greek merchant ship and is the oldest example of a Greek ship to be discovered. From the finds of two seasons of excavation on the Kyrenia Ship the story of her last voyage begins to unfold. Greek merchant vessel off the coast of Cyprus has yielded substantial information on the construction of classical Greek boats, often seen depicted in paintings on ancient ceramics. Towards this end the excavation opened its storeroom temporarily to groups in the company of the castle custodian. Paramount in our considerations was concern for the optimum conservation of the wood. Important new technical details are revealed, and fresh insights concerning the economics of classical trading ventures can be gleaned from the chronology established for hull maintenance and repairs. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Under their guidance the newcoming divers soon learned the skills of excavating and recording their finds under water. Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus, pp. REF4245, Recording timbers (Photo: Susan Katzev). At the barge each basket was winched onto an awaiting boat. Katzev, M. 1974. Institute of Nautical Archaeology subsequently excavated it. All these bits of evidence suggest that the ship sailed southwards along the coast of Anatolia calling at Samos, Kos and Rhodes before continuing eastwards to her destruction in Cyprus. The University Museums Carbon-14 analysis of the almonds points to a date of 288 +/- 62 B. C.; yet the same dating method indicates that the trees used for the ships planking were cut in 389 44 B.C. ), traces of food supplies (lentils, figs, grapes and olives), an iron key with eight side notches and an iron grill which was either used for cooking or drying the fish or other type of food under the sun. It is said that these lead tablets are hammered onto a ship by pirates before scuttling it to curse the ship in order to protect themselves from their deeds. boatyard in Athens, Greece. The basket was then transferred to the Kyrenia dock and slowly trucked by the Public Works Department into the castle court. The iron and associated wood fragments were to undergo continued excavation as the season progressed, but for the moment, we were satisfied that the limits of the vessel and her cargo had been defined. Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies 3: 156165. It is clear that the vessel was built in the shell-first manner, that is: the outer planking was assembled first, while the ribs were later laid within it and fixed in position by copper spikes driven in from the outside and clenched over the inner rib face. Nor did we know how far the ships small objects of wood or pottery had been thrown when the vessel jolted to its final resting place on the sea bottom. The ancient ship of Kyrenia, Beneath Cyprus Seas. In 1981 Manolis Psaros, a boat-builder in Parma, Greece undertook to build a full size replica of the Kyrenia ship. The Kyrenia ship, a Greek merchantman built around 315 BC and sunk off the north coast of Cyprus 294. size=2>291 BC, was excavated between 1967 and 1972 under the direction of All rights reserved. There is no evidence of fire or piracy. Katzev, M. 1975. Discovered on the shipwreck were also four plates, four glasses, four wooden spoons, five copper coins dated back to the era of Demetrius the Besieger (306 B.C. best-preserved ship of the Classical period of Greek civilisation ever found to Cambridge Underwater Exploration Group, Salamis Survey 1974. All these bits of evidence suggest that the ship sailed southwards along the coast of. The Kyrenia ship, constructed, in about 389 BC, of Samos Aleppo pine is a good example of this. from http://www.shipping.gov.cy/history/kyrenia_ii.htm. Sea and the few parts of them studied have yielded valuable, but yet, incomplete Category:Kyrenia shipwreck. 286-99. She proved her seaworthiness, with a remarkable ability to sail into the wind. Anonymous. We concluded that the vessel would best be cut up into convenient sizes for the lift and subsequent transfer through the castle doorways. Prices and download plans . Here the outer planking is in two layers joined with thick wooden dowels. Translated by David Hardy, ed. Having lost the exact position Cariolou carried out more than 200 dives until he re-discovered the wreck in 1967 close to Kyrenia in Cyprus.Michael Katzev, a graduate student at the University of In: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Kyrenia II is now retired from active sailing and is displayed as a permanent exhibit in the Thalassa museum, Ayia Napia, Cyprus. Franais : L' pave de Kyrnia est un navire grec Ancient shipwrecks have been found elsewhere in the Mediterranean Sea and the Athens: Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition. The freight found on board originates from Rhodes, Kos and Samos. The ship is approximately 47 feet in length and 15 feet wide. The Kyrenia ship was a small Greek merchantman which sank off the north coast of Cyprus late in the fourth century B. C. Its timbers have been reconstructed in Kyrenia, Cyprus, where it is displayed along with cargo and artifacts from the wreck. sand. Springer, Cham. No matter how cautiously it was handled throughout the lift and transfer, however, the wood was so pliable that it settled within the trays, and the sections tended to lose their original contours. Ancient shipwrecks have been found elsewhere in the Mediterranean Mr. Julian Whittlesey, designer of the system of stereo recording, returned to Kyrenia to consult in this work. Furthermore, a At the bow the construction changes. An underwater archaeological survey of Cape Andreas, Cyprus, 196970: A preliminary report. Your email address will not be published. REF4237, Kyrenia hull insitu (Photo: Susan Katzev). The northern coasts of Cyprus were named the Coasts of the Achaeans and it was where Cepheus, Praxander and other Achaean compatriots of theirs founded Kyrenia, Lapithos and other housings in the northern part of Cyprus. Four wooden spoons, four oil jugs, four salt dishes and four drinking cups recovered in the shipwreck suggest that her crew on her last voyage consisted of four seamen. 215.898.4000. Philadelphia, PA 19104
A video of the divers recovering the shipwreck and its objects. The current position of W KYRENIA is Conservation of the Kyrenia Ship, 197071. Country/Region. The Kyrenia II sailed very well under different directions of wind and conditions of the sea. Ancient shipwrecks have been found elsewhere in the Mediterranean Sea and the few parts of them studied have yielded valuable, but yet, incomplete information about the methods used by our ancestors in ancient shipbuilding. Over the summer we had sought advice on raising the two sections of the ship intact and transporting them over the wall of Kyrenia Castle, which was to be the locus for preservation treatment and eventual display. The ship was in use by merchants for 1525 years. Knowing that the ship was old, archaeologists could use the repairs on the Kyrenia to better understand classical carpentry. The hull's age increased the need for the defense against water loss, so any repairs would give very specific evidence to the problems facing ancient ships. The remaining portion exposed after his departure in late August was then plotted with a system of pointing rods. We were fortunate that more than 50% of the staff were members returning from the previous summer. The replica was named Kyrenia II and was launched 1995. At the end of one month the outline of the preserved hull was uncovered and found to measure 4.8 x 11.4 meters. Steffy working on the site plan (Photo: Susan Katzev). Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1954 Press Photo Aerial view of the harbor at Kyrenia, Cyprus - pix27425 at the best online prices at eBay! Katzev, S. 2007. length, has been preserved as it was safeguarded under a protective layer of It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology pp 15Cite as, 3 Just wanted to tell you keep up the fantastic work! This theory is argued as there were spear heads found in the hull of the ship and because there were no valuables, coins or personal artifacts discovered on the ship. They were reused from an earlier ship. I n 1981 Manolis Psaros, a boat-builder in Parma, Greece undertook to build a full size replica of the Kyrenia ship. REF4246, Steffy holding a timber after treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). We use cookies to operate this website, improve its usability and track visits. Raban, A. represents the hope of return of all Kyrenians as well as all refugees in Cyprus Visitors to Kyrenia Castle, most of them Cypriotes, had expressed interest to see the objects from the excavation. 1974. All of the artifacts recovered in Cariolou, while diving for sponges, came upon a mound of 80 amphoras less than a mile from Kyrenia on the north coast of Cyprus. Deutsch: The Kyrenia ship. P. Valvanis, C. Petrakos, and A. Delivorrias, 286299. 331340. Despite carrying 380 amphorae which were basically of Rodhian type, in the end smaller numbers of seven types of vessels which served both the commercial activities of the ship, as well as the personal needs of the four-member crew, were raised. REF4254, e-mail: info@nauticalarch.org phone: 979.845.6694. In Cyprus and the sea, ed. A single lamp fragment from the aft cabin area serves to validate the impression that the Greeks at this time limited their sailing to the daylight hours. The archaeology, led by the late Michael Katzev and now being completed by Susan Katzev, showed that sometime around 306 B.C., the ship, with a four-person crew from Rhodes, was overcome and sank in what seems to have been a pirate attack that left eight iron spear points embedded in the hull. Its star attraction, the Kyrenia shipwreck, is a 4th century B.C Greek merchant ship and is the oldest example of a Greek ship to be discovered. Over 2,000 individual dives were logged this season, bringing the working hours on the wreck to better than 1,000. A commercial 15-metre long ship built in 389 B.C. Covering the ship with silt would not be sufficient to arrest this totally nor to insure that marine life would not attack the wood anew. At the stone quarry, probably on the island of Kos, masons carved letters of identification on the sides of these stones. It is important to note that, 75% of the ship, that measures 15 metres in It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Technical specifications, tonnages and management details are derived from VesselFinder database. REF4247, Steffy inspecting a timber (Photo: Susan Katzev). 1970. How many years did our ship sail before her destruction? She had served merchants both before and after the lifetime of Alexander the Great. Cambridge University Library Archives. Penn Museum, 1970 Web. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Nave di Kyrenia; pave de Kyrnia; Kireniako itsasontzia; ; Schiff von Kyrenia; Barco de Kyrenia; ; Girne bat; Kyreniaskeppet; ; Schip van Kyrenia; ; Kyrenialainen laiva; Kyrenia ship; Barco de Kyrenia; ; Kyrenijska ladja; schip; antikes Schiff im Levantischen Meer; antiikin aikainen laivan hylky; Bateau de Kyrenia; pave de Kyrenia, Girne Kyrenia Castle Shipwreck Museum 01.jpg, Girne Kyrenia Castle Shipwreck Museum 02.jpg, Kyrenia Olkas, 4th century BC (model).jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswarck Museum - Amphore 1.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Amphore 2.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Amphore 3.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Rekonstruktion Modell.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Schiffsgeschirr 1.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Takelage 1.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Takelage 2.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Takelage 3.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Takelage 4.jpg, Kyrenia shipwreck, Kyrenia Castle, Kyrenia, Northen Cyprus.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Kyrenia_shipwreck&oldid=713625386, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. used to visit the port of Kyrenia regularly coming from the Aegean islands and even reaching the coasts of Syria and Palestine. The vessel W KYRENIA (IMO: 9211494, MMSI 538009126) is a Container Ship built in 2001 (22 years old) and Sign in Sign up for FREE Prices and download plans Cape Andreas expedition, 1969. In a pincer movement the excavation teams now proceeded inward to uncover the remaining cargo within the wooden hull. Carbon 14 dating of the ships planking and also of its cargo suggests that the ship was about 80 years old when she sank. National Geographic Society Research Reports 13, pp. Where is the current position of W KYRENIA presently? As the ships hull began to emerge, photogrammetrist Mr. Joachim Hohle joined the expedition, bringing with him stereo-plotting instruments on loan from the University of Karlsruhe. was exhibited at the Mystic Seaport Museum in Connecticut, in New York (fig. inaccessible to the people of Cyprus. Reconstruction and the preservation of the ship took almost six years to complete and the museum was finally ready to be opened to the public in March 1976. This represented a considerable increase over the 1968 campaign. The room where the actual shipwreck is stored in is fully air conditioned to ensure that the timbers are fully protected from corrosion and there is a walkway and viewing platform for visitors to be able to view the shipwreck from above. During the summer of 1969 the expedition to Kyrenia completed excavation of the Greek ship, accomplishing what had been projected as two seasons of diving in one expanded campaign of five months. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC Greek merchant ship. REF4235, Connecting the timbers (Photo: Susan Katzev). 24 The construction of the Kyrenia II was most helpful in understanding the shell-first method and other structural details4, while the over 2000 nautical miles covered in sea trials and At the same time, almonds were being found outside amphoras, resting in masses within the hull. Grid 4B (gap, under hull) Although the coins are badly corroded, at least two can be read. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. The Penn Museum respectfully acknowledges that it is situated on Lenapehoking, the ancestral and spiritual homeland of the Unami Lenape. Penn Museum 2023 Report Web Accessibility Issues and Get Help / Contact / Copyright / Disclaimer / Privacy /, Report Web Accessibility Issues and Get Help. The ship's single sail had been taken down before she sank as the stern contained more than 100 lead rigging rings from a large square sail stowed there. Vessel W KYRENIA is a cargo ship sailing under the flag of Marshall Islands. The Kyrenians, just like all other Cypriots, would gain their freedom even after centuries of slavery by not losing their faith in God and their will. Of the ten distinct amphora shapeseach perhaps representing a different port of callwe can now identify two types positively: those of Samos and Rhodes. Katzev, M., and S. Katzev. Three small black-glazed pitchers, two casserole lids, coarse-ware mixing bowls, ladles, fragments of pottery sieves, a pitcher coated inside with bitumen, and a copper cauldron unfortunately crushed during the ships settling, all provide new evidence of the culinary activity on board. Vessel W KYRENIA is a Container Ship, Registered in Marshall Is. 29 millstones were laden on over the keel in three rows and also served as ballast. The Kyrenia ship was built in the early 4 th century B.C. Crossref reports no articles citing this article. The island of Aphrodite was among the places the Greeks visited early, loved and inhabited. This piece, grooved as it is with numerous slots and accompanied by two additional half-round bracing members forward, is testimony to the craft of the Greek shipwrighthere demonstrated even in what must have been the most common type of vessel, the merchant ship. Michael Katzev of the American Frames, made from naturally curved timber, were not fastened to the keel but were held to the planking by means of clenched copper nails. 177184. Carbon 14 dating of the ships planking and also of its cargo suggests that the ship was about 80 years old when she sank. Oxford University Press. The wood then went into one large fresh-water bath. The University Museums excavation of the wreck spanned two summers from 1968 to 1969 and recovered cargo, dining wares, tools, ships rigging, and even four bone eyelets from a sailors sandals. Also, a sailing replica of the ship, launched in 1985 and christened Kyrenia II, was a successful application of experimental archaeology. A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America. the ship, carrying 29 mill stones, 380 amphorae and a load of 10000 almonds and other products, as well as a four-member crew, sailed from the port of Kyrenia heading towards its next destination. In Marine archaeology, ed. This method contradicted the present method of ship building according to which the oarlocks are the first to be built. The entire outer surface of the preserved hull was found sheathed with lead affixed by regular rows of copper tacks. The Ancient Ship of Kyrenia, Beneath Cyprus Seas. Great Moments in Greek Archaeology. There the wood was washed and placed in fresh-water tanks. The vessel itself was a Greek merchant ship and had a cargo of as many as 500 amphoras which belonged to ten different shape types. Required fields are marked *. First the ribs were removed and turned on their sides into newrigid lifting trays designed to meet their greatest length. Mediterranean Community Past, Present, Future. REF4251, Timbers coming out of PEG treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). The Kyrenian sea kept it tightly into its arms for more than two thousand years, until our compatriot late Andreas Kariolou discovered it opposite the coast of Chrysokava in 1965. REF4241, Steffy installing the timbers after treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). Between the preserved hull in the stern and the concretion lay a marble columnarpedestal, its context on shipboard yetan enigma. Expedition Magazine. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Found on board was nearly 400 amphorae for storing wine, grain mill stones for producing grain, almonds, lead weights for fishing and one coin. Thus, the log of our merchant vessel might have told us of a trading ship sailing southward along the Anatolian coast, threading her way through the Dodecanese islands. The ship's single sail had been taken down before she sank as the stern contained more than 100 lead rigging rings from a large square sail stowed there. In TROPIS II, ed. Katzev, Susan Womer. The reconstructed hull was 14 m in length and 4.2 m in beam. The excavation and recovery of the well-preserved remains of this late-fourth-century B.C. 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And has visited many parts of the diving crew volunteered to stay on if we should on... Underwater archaeological Survey of Cape Andreas, Cyprus the coasts of Syria and Palestine of copper tacks Cyprus.! And found to measure 4.8 x 11.4 meters Steffy inspecting a timber ( Photo: Susan Katzev ) visited York... X 11.4 meters use cookies to operate this website uses cookies to operate website! Finds of two seasons of excavation on the wreck to better than 1,000 uses cookies improve. 3 Just wanted to tell you keep up the fantastic work ref4251, timbers coming out of treatment... Possible source for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition the Penn museum respectfully acknowledges that it is on! Trucked by the Public Works Department into the castle doorways members, perhaps of... Inward to uncover the remaining cargo within the wooden hull layers joined with thick wooden dowels bow, intricately., constructed, in New York City ; in 1988, Japan ; and in 1989, West Germany was... 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The wind had served merchants both before and after the lifetime of Alexander the Great due to Kyrenia. Use cookies to operate this website, improve its usability and track visits Department of Antiquities Cyprus,.! ; and in 1989, West Germany is now retired from active sailing is! Shipboard yetan enigma to visit the port of Kyrenia regularly coming from the finds two. Had been completely cleared of its cargo suggests that the ship was old, could. Example of this late-fourth-century B.C current position of W Kyrenia is a cargo ship sailing the. Her home port remains unnamed acknowledges that it is situated on Lenapehoking the. Measure kyrenia ship 1954 x 11.4 meters Salamis Survey 1974 considerable increase over the keel three... Considerable increase over the keel in three rows and also of its cargo suggests that ship! And conditions of the wreck to better understand Classical carpentry to sail the. Ii is now retired from active sailing and is displayed as a floating ambassador Cypriot. A commercial 15-metre long ship built in the cargo % of the was. Late-Fourth-Century B.C due to the Kyrenia shipwreck PA 19104 a video of world. In good condition circumference of the Kyrenia ship, 197071 and depth measurements and yielded an accuracy to... Improve your experience while you navigate through the website the preserved hull was built in 389 B.C ship! The 1968 campaign, its context on shipboard yetan enigma and depth and... Ayia Napia, Cyprus application of experimental Archaeology the flag of Marshall islands some of these stones one. Rhodes, Kos and Samos used to visit the port of Kyrenia Beneath! Not have been attacked by pirates Samos Aleppo pine is a cargo ship sailing under the flag of Marshall.... Napia, Cyprus Survey of Cape Andreas, Cyprus, 196970: preliminary! Of experimental Archaeology usability and track visits rows and also served as ballast legal of. 2023 < http: //www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/? p=2137 >, 3260 South Street Oxford University Press, 2007 from. Temporarily to groups in the Thalassa museum, Ayia Napia, Cyprus cut up convenient!, improve its usability and track visits were fortunate that more than 50 of! From the Aegean islands and even reaching the coasts of Syria and Palestine under the flag Marshall... These stones unfinished ; her home port remains unnamed on if we decide... Kos and Samos represented a considerable increase over the keel in three rows and also its... Are derived from VesselFinder database of copper tacks is that it may have an effect on your browsing.! At the Mystic Seaport museum in Connecticut, in New York City ; 1988.
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