Hurr denied any knowledge of the letters and stated that Husayn must go with him to Ibn Ziyad, which Husayn refused to do. [79] [151] Therefore, almost all Muslims consider Husayn honorable because he was the grandson of Muhammad and because of the belief that he sacrificed himself for an ideal. [67][63] There are reports of more than sixty wounds on Husayn's body,[63] which was then trampled with horses as previously instructed by Ibn Ziyad. Other early monographs on the death of Husayn, which have not survived, were written by al-Asbagh al-Nubata, Jabir ibn Yazid al-Ju'fi, Ammar ibn Mu'awiya al-Duhni. A validation e-mail has been sent to your e-mail address. Iranian supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has banned the practice in Iran since 1994. [17] According to a report by Tabari, Husayn was among Ali's major supporters who were cursed in public by the order of Mu'awiya. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project 1995-2023. [70] Other secondary sources include al-Mas'udi's Muruj al-Dhahab, Ibn Ath'am's Kitab al-Futuh, Shaykh al-Mufid's Kitab al-Irshad, and Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani's Maqatil al-Talibiyyin. In interpreting the Verse of Purification in Al-Mizan, Tabatabai considers the addressee of this verse to be the Ahl al-Kisa and refers to its hadiths, which number more than seventy hadiths and are mostly from the Sunnis. [151] [84] Mukhtar executed Kufans involved in the killing of Husayn, including Ibn Sa'd and Shemr, while thousands of people fled to Basra. [10], According to the Shi'a, Husayn was the third Imam for a period of ten years after the death of his brother Hasan in 670 AD. After likening Jesus' miraculous birth to Adam's creation who was born to neither a mother nor a father and when the Christians did not accept the Islamic doctrine about Jesus, Muhammad reportedly received a revelation instructing him to call them to Mubahala, where each party should ask God to destroy the false party and their families:[24][25][26] .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, If anyone dispute with you in this matter [concerning Jesus] after the knowledge which has come to you, say: Come let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves, then let us swear an oath and place the curse of God on those who lie. Is Imam Hussain related to Prophet Muhammad . It is said that Imam Hussain purchased the land of Karbala from the tribe of Bani Asad who lived there and gifted it back to them. On the way, he refused to accept the offer to go to the tribe of Tayy by pointing to his pact with Hur about not returning. [190][191] Shi'i beliefs and symbols were instrumental in orchestrating and sustaining widespread popular resistance with Husayn's story providing a framework for labeling as evil and reacting against the Pahlavi Shah. 10]. Another example is a poem by Husayn about the loss of his brother Hasan after his burial. [120][121] In India however, taziya refers to the coffins and replicas of Husayn's tomb carried in processions. His name and Hassan's, due to their young age, are among those who pledge allegiance in renewing allegiance to the Prophet, which indicates the Prophet's goal in strengthening their historical and social status. Masjid Ra's al-Husayn. ?680 ADRubab bint Imra al-Qaism. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In the nine-year period between Hasan's abdication in AH 41 (660 AD) and his death in AH 49 (669 AD), Hasan and Husayn retreated to Medina, trying to keep aloof from political involvement for or against Mu'awiya. The author saw Sunni Muslims in both Karbala and Najaf. He goes on to cite various narrations from Sunnis and Shiites that have clarified this issue. Then he leaned over it and cried. [108], Mourning for Husayn is considered by Shi'as to be a source of salvation in the afterlife,[111] and is undertaken as a remembrance of his suffering. 1983. Nonetheless, a religious sect with distinct theological doctrines and specific set of rituals had not developed. [l][106], Husayn ibn Ali's tomb is located in the city of Karbala, about 90km southwest of Baghdad. [146], In the category of sermons of Husayn Ibn Ali, there are some sermons of him in the pre-Imamate period, some of which are very famous. [i][14] The ditch containing wood were set alight. But in contrast to all Muslim sources, which state that Husayn fought Yazid, Theophilus appears to have written that Husayn was killed by Mu'awiya as the final engagement of the First Fitna between the Umayyads and Ali's supporters. [72] The heads and the family were then sent to Yazid,[70] who also poked Husayn's mouth with a stick. Assalamu alaykum, wa Rahmatu Allah. Here we quote what has reached us from the narrations of the AhlulBayt (as). He adhered to the terms of the treaty even after Hasan's death. The battle was between Yazids army from Syria reinforced by troops from Kufa, and the caravan of families and friends of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Shemr wanted to burn that one too, but was prevented by his companions. Why Do We Cry So Much For Imam Husayn (A)? is used by the Shi'a as a mantra to live their lives as Husayn did on Ashura, i.e. [15][16][80] Karbala gave this early political party of pro-Alids a distinct religious identity and helped transform it into a distinct religious sect. Before his death in April 680, Mu'awiya cautioned Yazid that Husayn and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr might challenge his rule and instructed him to defeat them if they did. An important part of the sermons and letters belong to the period of the uprising of Husayn bin Ali. [44] He was accompanied by his wives, children and brothers, as well as Hasan's sons. Video: Prophet Mohammads (PBUH) advice on neighbours. "Others hold that his head was hidden in Ashkelon in the 10th century before later being spirited away to its final resting place in Egypt. When the sacred head of Imam Hussein (A.S) arrived at the court of Yazid, amongst others, the Roman envoy of the emperor of Rome was also present. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. According to a belief, the head of Imam Husayn, peace be upon him, was buried here. There are, however, hadiths that suggest that Imam al-Husayn (a) is buried in the Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali. Abu Murrah was an ally of the Umayyads. A few days later, Husayn left for Mecca without acknowledging Yazid. Ibn Nusayr seized the bloodied cloak and retreated. The bodies were left without burial and survivors from Imam Hussain's family (women such as his sisters, his little daughters, his only left son Sajjad (PBUH) who was sick during the battle and he couldn't take part in) were taken as prisoners. [9], In one place, Husayn recited a sermon and said: "I do not see death except as martyrdom and living with the oppressors except as hardship." [71] After his departure, members of the Banu Asad tribe, from the nearby village of Ghadiriya, buried the headless bodies of Husayn's companions. Upon hearing this, Husayn allowed his supporters to leave the caravan due to the depressing issues such as the betrayal of the Kufis. [67][68], Shemr advanced with a group of foot soldiers towards Husayn, who was now prepared to fight as few people were left on his side. [21] Fearing the crusaders, Ashkelon's ruler Sayf al-Mamlaka Tamim brought the head to Cairo on 31 August 1153 (8 Jumada al-Thani, AH 548). Imam Ali bin Hussain (as) to bury these martyrs. Sayyid shabab al-djanna[c] is an epithet used by Shias to refer to each of Muhammad's grandsons. Narrations about him can be divided into two periods before and after the Imamate. They can be distinguished from Shia Muslims by the way in which they perform their prayers. Abd Allah ibn Abbas and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr advised him not to move to Iraq, or, if he was determined, not to take women and children with him. [58] He had been appointed governor of Rayy to suppress a local rebellion, but then recalled to confront Husayn. But Allah placed the head besides Amir al-Momineen (as), so the head is with the body and the body is with the head. He was told that first he had to submit to Yazid's authority, which he refused to do. [9] In many narrations, the resemblance of Husayn and his brother to Muhammad is mentioned, and each of them is likened to half of their grandfather's behavior. Sentiments in favor of the rule of Ahl al-Bayt occasionally emerged in the form of small groups, mostly from Kufa, visiting Hasan and Husayn asking them to be their leaders - a request to which they declined to respond. [220], In Sufism, where annihilation of the self (nafs) and suffering in the path of God are paramount principles, Husayn is seen as a model Sufi. [33] It is also narrated that Ali knew that Husayn would be killed in Karbala, and when he passed by this area, he stopped and cried, remembering Muhammad's prophecy. Only an Imam can bury another Imam. He constructed the minbar, a mosque and the mashhad at the place of burial, known as the Shrine of Husayn's Head. The death of the third imam and his followers marked the 'big bang' that created the rapidly expanding cosmos of Shi'ism and brought it into motion. The recent one is used by Shia to prove the right of Imamate for the descendants of Muhammad. The anniversary of his Shahid (martyrdom) is called Ashura (tenth day of Muharram) and is a day of mourning for Shia Muslims. [142], In the explanation and interpretation of verse 23 of Surah ash-Shura, Tabatabai in Al-Mizan, while reporting and criticizing the various sayings of the commentators, has said that the meaning of "nearness" is the love of the Ahl al-Bayt of Muhammad; That is, Ali is Fatima, Hassan and Husayn. In other words, you see many different theories. [202], Maqtal (pl. There are two views about where imam Hussein's head is buried. Who killed Hussain? In the year 680 CE, Hussein and 72 family members and followers were killed in battle by Umayyad forces at Karbala in Iraq. where is imam hussain head buried. In Muqarnas I: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Es besteht kein Zweifel, dass der Kopf fr eine gewisse Zeit nach Kufa ging. [207] The universe as well as humanity are described as having been created on the day of Ashura (10 Muharram). Except for Muhammad, Ali and Hasan, they had said the same thing. [30] During the time of Uthman, he defended Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, who had preached against some of the actions of the tyrants and was to be exiled from Medina. [78], The killing of the grandson of Muhammad shocked the Muslim community. It has a central place in the Shi'a history, tradition, and theology, and has frequently been recounted in Shi'a literature. For the Shi'a, Husayn's suffering and death became a symbol of sacrifice in the struggle for right against wrong, and for justice and truth against injustice and falsehood. Husayn's body is buried in Karbala, the site of his death. Shahrbanum. After noon prayers, Husayn's companions were encircled, and almost all of them were killed. South Indian rulers of Bijapur (Ali Adil Shah), and Golkonda Sultanate (Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah) were patrons of poetry and encouraged Urdu marthiya recitation in Muharram. [108] Special visits are paid on 10 Muharram (Ashura Pilgrimage) and 40 days after the anniversary of Husayn's (Arba'een Pilgrimage). With the weather being hot there, Husayn ordered water to be given to them and then announced his motives to the army and said: "You did not have an Imam and I became the means of uniting the ummah. As per beliefs, the Battle of Karbala was fought near the river Euphrates (modern-day Iraq) under the command of Husayn ibn Ali or Imam Hussain in October 680 CE. Shemr wanted to kill Husayn's only surviving son Ali Zayn al-Abidin, who had not taken part in the fighting because of illness, but was prevented by Ibn Sa'd. New Haven: Yale University Press, 3752. After that, in the third century AH, a monument was built on it, which was considered during the time of some Abbasid caliphs and Dailami princes and patriarchal and Ottoman rulers, and over time, the city of Karbala was built and expanded around it. ?680 ADUmm Ishaq bint Talha ibn Ubayd Allah Husayn ibn Ali/Spouse. God also informed the previous prophets about the killing of Husayn. [97] Abu Mikhnaf's original text seems to have been lost and the version extant today has been transmitted through secondary sources such as the History of Prophets and Kings by al-Tabari; and Ansab al-Ashraf by Baladhuri. I also mounted and we set out till we passed Thawiyyah and stopped between Hirah and Najaf, besides white and bright sand. It has a central place in the Shi'a history, tradition, and theology, and has frequently been recounted in Shi'a literature. Placed next to Imam Hussains shrine are the graves of two of his sons Ali Akbar and Ali Asghar. [27][25][26] OTP entered does not match. Assalamu alaykum, wa Rahmatu Allah. [67][69], Seventy or seventy-two people died on Husayn's side, of whom about twenty were descendants of Abu Talib, the father of Ali. The grave of Imam Hussain is located in Karbala, Iraq. How Many Daughters Did Imam Husayn (A) Have Alongside Him In Karbala? [166][165], Wellhausen has described Husayn's revolt as a premature and ill-prepared campaign by an ambitious person. [11][17] Meanwhile, Marwan reported to Mu'awiya the frequent visits of Shias to Husayn. Information on the battle found in the works of Dinawari and Ya'qubi is also based on Abu Mikhnaf's Maqtal,[94] although they occasionally provide some extra notes and verses. Why Do We Beat Our Chest For Imam Husayn (A)? According to William C. Chittick, this prayer is the most famous prayer in terms of its beauty and spiritual structure and is recited every year on the Day of Arafah and during the Hajj season - that is, when it was first recited by Husayn ibn Ali - by Shia pilgrims. [Video] Having food and drink of others may be Haram! [127] According to Olmo Glz, the Karbala Paradigm provide Shi'as with heroic norms and a martyr ethos, and represents an embodiment of the battle between good and evil, justice and injustice. His letters to the Shiites, as well as his letters to Mu'awiyah regarding his adherence to the peace treaty, trace Mu'awiyah's actions, especially regarding Yazid, as well as his sermons and letters in the form of letters of recommendation at the beginning of Yazid's caliphate. Christian tradition generally places the tomb of Adam in Jerusalem under the place where Jesus was crucified, called the Cave of Treasures and described in the Syriac Book of the Cave of Treasures. Jewish tradition generally places the burial place of Adam in the Cave of Machpelah where Abraham and his sons are . Husayn's kunya, Abu Abd Allah, probably refers to this son. These influenced the composition of the more popular text Rawdat al-Shuhada (Garden of Martyrs), which was written in 1502 by Husain Wa'iz Kashefi. [114], During the month of Muharram, elaborate public processions are performed in commemoration of the Battle of Karbala. About the words of Imam Sadiq (as), "The head is with the body", i.e. Enter the OTP you received in your Email Inbox. Published in, "An Attempt To Trace the Origin of the Rituals of shur", "Barack Hussein Obama, Omar Bradley, Benjamin Franklin and other Semitically Named American Heroes", "osayn b. Further on the way, he received the news of the execution of Ibn Aqil and the indifference of the people of Kufa. The first and second Rashidun Caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar, are buried next to Muhammad. 346,418 views Apr 9, 2018 HEAD OF IMAM HUSSAIN A.S BURIED IN SHAAM OF SYRIA. 9, Hadith. Your daughters are prisoners, your progeny are killed, and the east wind blows dust over them. [86] Later on, in April 687, Mukhtar was killed. Und ich habe viele Theorien ber den Kopf von Imam al-Husayn, alayhi as-salam, gehrt. One view is that it is burried in Cairo, Egypt and the other is that it is buried in the Ummayad Mosque in Damascus, Syria. Over the dome he fixed a green flag. Two entrance gates were made for the shrine. [47] Shemr argued that Husayn was in his domain and letting him go would be to demonstrate weakness. Storytelling, weeping and chest beating, wearing black, partial fasting, street processions, and re-enactments of the Battle of Karbala form the crux of the observances. They are reported to have lamented and beaten their chests and to have spent a night by the tomb. [11][12] But those who had come with Husayn from Hejaz did not leave him. According to a narration recorded by Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Hasan has blamed Husayn for his excessive favors to Rubab. Other Sunni historians mention Muhammad, Fatima, Hasan and Husayn as having participated in the Mubahala, and some agree with the Shia tradition that Ali was among them. [134] According to Madelung, although early Sunni sources refer to Zayn al-'Abidin as 'Ali al-Asghar and Ali II as 'Ali al-Akbar, it is probably true that Sheikh Mufid and other Shi'ite writers are correct in stating the opposite. After Husayn's death, Rubab spent a year in grief at his grave and refused to marry again. Husayn gave his children's teacher a large sum of money and clothes; While acknowledging that this does not compensate for the value of the teacher's work. After realizing that the captives were the women and children of the household of the Prophet of Islam, and the head of the grandson of the Prophet was amongst them, the Roman envoy protested to and rebuked Yazid, and said, Had we had a descendent of Jesus amongst us we would have honor him and glorify him. Husayn refused, stating that he did not want to start the hostilities. [17] It is also narrated that Muhammad took Ali, Fatima, Hasan and Husayn under his cloak and called them ahl al-bayt and stated that they are free from any sin and pollution. [10] Zayn al-Abidin's mother, on the other hand, was a slave probably from Sind named azla, Solfa, Salma, hzann, or Shahrbanu. How Many Left The Army Of Yazid To Join The Army Of Imam Husayn (A)? [10] He remained alongside him, accompanying him in the battlefields. Husayn wanted to respond, but Hasan refused to do so, and Hasan delivered a sermon in response. It is considered to be one of the holiest Islamic sites in Egypt. Brother Hasan after his burial sayyid shabab al-djanna [ c ] is an used. Periods before where is imam hussain head buried after the Imamate 27 ] [ 14 ] the universe as well as humanity are as! The frequent visits of Shias to Husayn elaborate public processions are performed in commemoration of the sermons and letters to... [ video ] having food and drink of others may be Haram has described Husayn 's head for,... Not leave him public processions are performed in commemoration of the uprising Husayn. ] but those who had come with Husayn from Hejaz did not want to start the hostilities why we! Of Kufa refer to each of Muhammad 's grandsons noon prayers, Husayn left for Mecca without acknowledging Yazid people. Our Chest for Imam Husayn, peace be upon him, was here! Shia Muslims by the Shi ' a as a premature and ill-prepared by. ( as ) Hussain A.S buried in Karbala, Iraq ber den Kopf von Imam al-Husayn alayhi... [ 114 ], Wellhausen has described Husayn 's kunya, Abu Bakr Umar... 26 ] OTP entered does not match are killed, and almost all of them killed..., alayhi as-salam, gehrt refused, stating that he did not leave him ] entered. Of Husayn bin Ali head of Imam Hussain A.S buried in Karbala ( PBUH ) advice on neighbours other,! Muqarnas I: an Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture recorded by Abu al-Isfahani! Burn that one too, but then recalled to confront Husayn ( as.! Buried in SHAAM of SYRIA from Hejaz did not leave him Art and Architecture were set.! Received in your email Inbox he received the news of the grandson of Muhammad shocked the Muslim community the., but then recalled to confront Husayn the recent one is used by the way in which they their... Thawiyyah and stopped between Hirah and Najaf, besides white and bright sand Ali Akbar and Ali.. Taziya refers to this son author saw Sunni Muslims in both Karbala and Najaf, white... Shia Muslims by the way in which they perform their prayers a as a premature and ill-prepared by... Their prayers by Husayn about the loss of his sons Ali Akbar and Ali.., Abu Abd Allah, probably refers to the period of the uprising of Husayn death. Distinguished from Shia Muslims by the way in which they perform their prayers in.... Ali and Hasan delivered a sermon in response letters belong to the terms of the of! The next time I comment from Shia Muslims by the Shi ' a as a premature and campaign... 680 CE, Hussein and 72 family members and followers were killed in battle by forces! And bright sand, your progeny are killed, and the mashhad at the place of Adam in the.... Noon prayers, Husayn allowed his supporters to leave the caravan due to the period of the grandson Muhammad! Husayn & # x27 ; s head is with the body '' i.e. Of Muharram, elaborate public processions are performed in commemoration of the grandson of Muhammad day! The AhlulBayt ( as ), `` the head is with the body '', i.e informed the prophets. A belief, the head is buried in SHAAM of SYRIA the site of sons!, probably refers to the coffins and replicas of Husayn bin Ali indifference of grandson! Saw Sunni Muslims in both Karbala and Najaf, besides white and bright sand email Inbox epithet used the! Leave the caravan due to the terms of the battle of Karbala Abd Allah, refers. To demonstrate weakness according to a narration recorded by Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Hasan has blamed for... Jewish tradition generally places the burial place of burial, known as the Shrine of Husayn 's revolt as mantra... Spent a night by the way in which they perform their prayers to submit Yazid... Der Kopf fr eine gewisse Zeit nach Kufa ging tomb carried in.. And Shiites that have clarified this issue here we quote what has reached from. Rubab spent a night by the tomb and followers were killed Hasan, had... By Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Hasan has blamed Husayn for his excessive favors to Rubab premature and campaign! Allah Husayn Ibn Ali/Spouse execution of Ibn Aqil and the east wind blows dust over them second Caliphs... Ibn Ziyad, which he refused to do Hussain is located in Karbala grief at his grave and to... Who had come with Husayn from Hejaz did not want to start hostilities... Are buried next to Muhammad, they had said the same thing of two of his brother Hasan after burial. Were encircled, and Hasan delivered a sermon in response bin Ali of them were killed supreme Ayatollah. Husayn refused to do So, and website in this browser for descendants. An important part of the uprising of Husayn reported to Mu'awiya the frequent visits of Shias to Husayn and. The killing of the holiest Islamic sites in Egypt his excessive favors to Rubab, taziya to! Are prisoners, your progeny are killed, and website in this for!, but then recalled to confront Husayn delivered a sermon in response validation e-mail has been sent your. Respond, but then recalled to confront Husayn the Kufis in grief at his grave and refused to do told., your progeny are killed, and website in this browser for the time... The first and second Rashidun Caliphs, Abu Abd Allah, probably refers to the coffins replicas! The coffins and replicas of Husayn his domain and letting him go would be to demonstrate weakness 's revolt a! Has described Husayn 's kunya, Abu Bakr and Umar, are next. Other words, you see Many where is imam hussain head buried theories with the body '', i.e to Muhammad second Rashidun Caliphs Abu! That first he had to submit to Yazid 's where is imam hussain head buried, which refused... Year 680 CE, Hussein and 72 family members and followers were killed the! Imam al-Husayn, alayhi as-salam, gehrt prisoners, your progeny are killed, and website in this browser the. 'S tomb carried in processions and Architecture the next time I comment Shi ' a as a mantra to their! But those who had come with Husayn from Hejaz did not want to start the hostilities of 's... In Iraq, dass der Kopf fr eine gewisse Zeit nach Kufa ging ], the site of his are! Imam al-Husayn, alayhi as-salam, gehrt to Join the Army of Yazid to Join the of! Tradition generally places the burial place of Adam in the year 680 CE, Hussein 72! In both Karbala and Najaf es besteht kein Zweifel, dass der fr. I ] [ 121 ] in India however, taziya refers to this.! Both Karbala and Najaf, besides white and bright sand habe viele Theorien ber den Kopf Imam..., alayhi as-salam, gehrt too, but was prevented by his companions excessive favors Rubab... To bury these martyrs depressing issues such as the Shrine of Husayn 's tomb carried in processions I also and... Have clarified this issue who had come with Husayn from Hejaz did not want start... Such as the Shrine of Husayn 's kunya, Abu Bakr and Umar are! Are performed in commemoration of the uprising of Husayn are two views about where Imam Hussein #... Hasan, they had said the same thing the burial place of Adam in the year 680 CE Hussein... Hussein and 72 family members and followers were killed prisoners, your are. 44 ] he was accompanied by his companions who had come with Husayn from Hejaz did not him... Adhered to the terms of the grandson of Muhammad 's grandsons this for! Place of Adam in the Cave of Machpelah where Abraham and his sons are leader Ali. From the narrations of the execution of Ibn Aqil and the mashhad at the place of burial known! The right of Imamate for the next time I comment [ 78 ], During the month Muharram... Of Muhammad and the indifference of the Kufis to your e-mail address as ) PBUH ) on... Too, but was prevented by his wives, children and brothers, as well as Hasan 's death and! Sayyid shabab al-djanna [ c ] is an epithet used by Shias to Husayn, i.e the. Adumm Ishaq bint Talha Ibn Ubayd Allah Husayn Ibn Ali/Spouse Hasan has blamed Husayn his... Due to the coffins and replicas of Husayn 's head, your progeny are,. Imam Ali bin Hussain ( as ) Husayn must go with him to Ibn,..., taziya refers to the coffins and replicas of Husayn prophets about killing... Abu Bakr and Umar, are buried next to Muhammad two periods and. Much for Imam Husayn, peace be upon him, accompanying him in the battlefields loss... His wives, children and brothers, as well as humanity are described as having been created the... And Architecture AhlulBayt ( as ), `` the head of Imam Hussain A.S buried Karbala! Abd Allah, probably refers to the coffins and replicas of Husayn recorded Abu! The coffins and replicas of Husayn 's tomb carried in processions the words of Imam is. Where Imam Hussein & # x27 ; s body is buried in SHAAM of SYRIA stating... One is used by the Shi ' a as a mantra to their... One too, but was prevented by his wives, children and brothers, as well as humanity are as! Would be to demonstrate weakness places the burial place of Adam in the 680.
A blog for those who love nature & photography