population decreased about 10% to 7,253. 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 It all happened at the 61Ninety West apartments just before . for colored persons from Limestone County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 to When the Civil war began, the town of Huntsville had 1,980 white residents and almost an equal number of Black residents: 1,654 slaves and 85 free. 1850. PURPOSE. and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between 1860 and A man looking at a gravestone for Cudjo Lewis in the cemetery at the Africa Town Welcome Center. Where Is The Best City To Meet Single Men? of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. The last U.S. census slave schedules were indexes almost always do not include the slave census. Learn more. Census data for 1860 Name index and images of slave schedules listing slave owners and only age, gender and color data of the slaves in cesus states or territories in 1850. The transcriber did not notice any What State Has Most Songs Written About It? How can I find out if my family were slaves? The story of the Clotilda and the people who built Africatown. Following the patenting of the cotton gin (in 1793), the War of 1812, and the defeat and expulsion of the Creek Nation in the 1810s, European-American settlement in Alabama was intensified, as was the presence of slavery on newly established plantations in the territory. Between 1860 and 1870, This page was last modified 11:39, 10 October 2021. List of plantations in Alabama. Categories: Alabama History | United States of America, Slavery | Alabama. In 1861 Alabama seceded from the Union and joined the Confederate States of America, which established its first capital in Montgomery. The process of For most black Americans descended from enslaved Africans, theres no way of tracing back where their ancestors came from. Unable to return to Africa after emancipation on June 19, 1865aka Juneteenththey left records and gave interviews about who they were and where they came from that survive today. Chas Parker, a slave to Rev. This is a high-level category and should not have individual profiles added to it. What was the name of the ship that brought the slaves to America? been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of the 1870 census and they may This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Alabama that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. Hancock County, which was in existence for a very short time should be categorized under Winston County. 1870, so that could be where some of these Alabama freed slaves went. and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between 1860 and The state legislature conscripted soldiers and appropriated several million dollars for military operations and for the support of the families of soldiers. personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. States that saw significant increases in (Credit: Jeffrey Greenberg/UIG via Getty Images), They decided that if you wont send us home, well build Africa here in Alabama, says Robert Battles, Sr., former executive director of the Historic Africatown Welcome Center. BINFORD, H. A., Abel Childress for, 41 Slaves, Page 270, BRIDGFORTH, James W., 39 Slaves, Page 275, COLEMAN, D. The lake is named for an escaped slave from Mississippi who, according to legend, discovered the isolated body of water in the late 1840s. slaveholders. States that saw significant increases in [6][7], The Alabama Fever land rush was underway when the state was admitted to the Union, with settlers and land speculators pouring into the state to take advantage of fertile land suitable for cotton cultivation. She is also a strong advocate for equal opportunity, and she works tirelessly to ensure that all students have access to quality education regardless of their socioeconomic status or race. supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of such age Henry Ossian Flipper, The Colored Cadet at West Point, History of the Black Soldiers in the Spanish American War, Anti-Slavery Tracts No. Though an 1807 law banned the trans-Atlantic slave trade to the United States as of 1 January 1808, slaves could still be bought and sold (and transported) within the country. A mural of the Clotilda adorns a concrete embankment in Africatown, a community near Mobile founded by Africans illegally transported to Alabama aboard the slave ship. Were there slaves in Huntsville Alabama? See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. If an African American ancestor with one of these surnames is When the Civil war began, the town of Huntsville had 1,980 white residents and almost an equal number of Black residents: 1,654 slaves and 85 free. Slavery was officially abolished in the United States, following the end of the US Civil War by the Thirteenth Amendment which took effect on December 18, 1865. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Slaves were enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. This page and its subpages contain 246 links. We have modeled this center much like we have for Native Americans, whose research can also be hampered by the available records. the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. acres. Antonia Leonard is an education expert who has dedicated her life to helping students achieve their academic goals. [8][9] Part of the frontier in the 1820s and 1830s, its constitution provided for universal suffrage for white men. Clarke County Alabama History Clarke County was established on December 10, 1812 by the Mississippi Territory. The schooner Clotilda smuggled African captives into the U.S. in 1860, more than 50 years after importing slaves was outlawed. But their story is also the story of all the Africans who arrived through the slave trade We see the unity, the strong bond between the people who were on slave ships, and the link also to their families back home that was never broken in peoples mind.. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. family tree, surname, vital records, biography, or otherwise Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Limestone County, Alabama (NARA This transcription includes 21 slaveholders who held 40 or more slaves in Clarke County, accounting for 1,473 slaves, or 29% of the County total. Alabama was admitted as the 22nd state on December 14, 1819. This was the first time that slave infomation was captured as a separate schedule. total of 600 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. Given this systematic erasure, the story of the Clotilda, the last slave ship to reach the U.S., occupies a profoundly unique place in the history of the transatlantic slave trade. In his interview with Zora Neale Hurston, Lewis recalls explaining to Meaher that the Clotilda Africans had land and property back home, but now had nothing. Clarke County Sheriff DeWayne Smith said his agency is assisting with the investigation. Some owners also undermined parental roles regarding familial affection, discipline, and, No slave rebellions took place in Alabama; most acts of resistance took a more passive or clandestine form. Enter your email address to subscribe to this website and receive notifications of new posts by email. Many black laborers refused to continue working the plantations, and chose to migrate to southern urban areas in large numbers.[13][15]. found on the 1870 census, then making the link to finding that ancestor as a slave requires This The slave population more than doubled during the 1820s and again during the 1830s. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Lawrence County, Alabama, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. Since the U.S. government was not in effective control of many of these territories until later in the war, many of these slaves proclaimed to be free by the Emancipation Proclamation were still held in servitude until those areas came back under Union control. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Home Mississippi State University How Did Slaves Get To Alabama? This collection of interviews stands in contrast to other slave narratives that appear in most literature anthologies which were written by the rare few who, against staggering odds, had become literate. What county in Alabama had the most slaves? There, the captain bought people from the Benin region like Cudjo Lewis. See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. After 148 years, Mississippi finally ratifies 13th Amendment, which banned slavery. Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the Download 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. Slaves often worked alongside and sometimes slept under the same roof as their owner. freed Alabama slaves go if they did not stay in Alabama? "Indian Slavery in Colonial Georgia. Linkpendium! Like its neighbors, the Alabama Territory was fertile ground for the surging cotton crop, and soon became one of the major destinations for African-American slaves who were being shipped to the Southeastern United States. By the 1870 census, Estimates of the number of former slaves who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Alabama, Slavery]] . related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in the source or at This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. includes 61 slaveholders who held 35 or more slaves in Limestone County, accounting for 3,824 transcription was made from the Ancestry on line images of the microfilm. Many owners and overseers physically beat slaves with instruments such as whips and cat o'nine tails. According to Lewis, Meaher responded: Fool do you think I goin give you property on top of property? Ethridge, Robbie Franklyn, and Sheri Marie Shuck-Hall. The schooner Clotilda, under the command of Captain William Foster and carrying a cargo of 124 Africans, arrived in Mobile Bay, Alabama, in July 1860. ", Plantation complexes in the Southern United States, "Old Cahawba, Alabama's first state capital, 1820 to 1826", "Alabama's population: 1800 to the modern era", "The Birth of Jim Crow in Alabama 1865-1896", "Sharecropping and Tenant Farming in Alabama", Alabama Department of Archives and History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_slavery_in_Alabama&oldid=1128842893, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 07:22. almost non-existent. Though they later determined the vessel theyd found wasnt the Clotilda, the event sparked renewed interest in finding the ship. Instead, place individual profiles into the category corresponding to the county of Alabama where they held enslaved persons. Court Records Free Reference and Directory), Clarke County, Alabama, Circuit Court case files, 1811-1902, Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870), United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850, Alabama Wills and Probate Records, 1753-1999, Clarke County, Alabama, estate case files, 1810-1915, Histopolis Collaborative Genealogy & History), Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet), Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office), U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907, Clarke County Alabama Genealogical Network, Clarke County Alabama history, culture and life, USGS Geographic Names Information System), Abstracts of marriages, deeds, court records, tract books and orphans court minutes, Genealogical Publishing Company and Clearfield Company), Alabama Civil War and Reconstruction Newspapers, Alabama Department of Archives & History), American Memory from the Library of Congress), Clarke County, Alabama, poll tax record book, 1897-1914, Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Project), mindat.org - the mineral and locality database). advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder. The outcome of the American Civil War ended slavery in Alabama. Those bonds, however, did not change the fact that a slave was considered property. [11][12], By 1861 nearly 45% of the population of Alabama were slaves, and slave plantation agriculture was the center of the Alabama economy. Many enslaved women were owned by small farmers and worked as domestic servants. 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War . WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. This spring, the community secured a grant to build a museum, and many researchers and organizations remain interested in searching for the Clotilda. Surrounded by cane brake, it was an ideal place to live undetected. Given this systematic erasure, the story of the Clotilda, the last slave ship to reach the U.S., occupies a profoundly unique place in the history of the transatlantic slave trade. He was born and studied medicine in Pennsylvania, but moved to Natchez District, Mississippi Territory in 1808 and became the wealthiest cotton planter and the second-largest slave owner in the United States with over 2,200 slaves. TERMINOLOGY. The family was a fundamental survival mechanism that helped slaves cope with the horrors of their circumstances. There were. There are several plantation homes in Alabama that have survived for nearly 200 years and Ive listed 10 of them below. number of slaves they held and the first census page on which they were listed. Its extremely difficult to connect the freed black Americans first named on the 1870 census to their enslaved ancestorsa problem known as the 1870 Brick Wall. The musician Questlove is descended from survivors of the ship, and when he discovered this on the genealogy show Finding Your Roots, historian Henry Louis Gates, Jr., told him, You hit the jackpot.. Owners also used other forms of punishment such as withholding food, restricting travel, or selling off relatives as a means of controlling slaves whom they deemed troublesome. and living in County). Smith said the truck belonged to a Grove Hill man, 41-year-old Richard Stephen Gilpin. When news of emancipation reached this group in 1865, the first thing they wanted to do was to go back home, Diouf says. An aerial photo taken Tuesday, January 2, 2018, in Mobile, Alabama, of what was thought to be the Clotilda, the last slave ship documented to have delivered captive Africans to the United States. colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation SOURCES. Baine, Rodney M. 1995. Where did Punishment was often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but sometimes abuse was performed to re-assert the dominance of the master (or overseer) over the slave. 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. Alabama became a part of the Mississippi Territory in 1798 after Indian cessions in north Alabama. (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 And when they were interviewed, their wish was for the interviewers to give their African names, their original names, so that if the story could ever go to Africa, their families would know that they were still alive.. been reported with their full name, including surname. They hoed potatoes and tobacco, but Rev. Sometimes slaves used fire to destroy a plantation's outbuildings or the harvested cotton crop. 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